If you’ve walked down any skincare aisle over the last ten years, you’ve probably seen the famed “R” word—retinoids. These topical treatments are hailed as the creme de la creme of anti-aging skincare. But what’s the difference between all of the retinoids out there? And is there one that’s best for your skin?
In this article, we’re breaking down two of the most popular retinoids—tretinoin vs. adapalene.
Both tretinoin and adapalene are retinoids that can turn back the clock on your skin, renewing its structure and vitality from the inside out. However, there are some key differences between these two topicals. So, let’s explore which of these retinoids may best fit your skin type and routine.
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What are Tretinoin and Retinol?
Before discussing differences, let’s talk about similarities. Tretinoin and adapalene are both retinoids—a class of skincare compounds derived from Retinyl Palmitate, a version of vitamin A. [1] Known for their anti-aging and rejuvenating powers, the retinoid family tree includes the following topical skincare products [2]:
- Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
- Adapalene
- Retinol
- Retinaldehyde
- Alitretinoin
- Tazarotene
- Bexarotene
Even though there’s a slight difference between retinol vs. retinoids as retinol is a type of retinoid, and essentially all retinoids are designed to target common skin conditions, such as acne, fine lines, and discoloration [3]. While some retinoids are milder (such as retinol), others take action right away—like tretinoin and adapalene. However, there are some key differences between the two powerful retinoids.
What is Tretinoin?
Also known as Retin-A, tretinoin was the first retinoid to receive approval from the FDA in 1971 [4]. Over the years, it’s earned a strong reputation for its anti-aging, acne-fighting, and skin-rejuvenating powers. While tretinoin is a powerful retinoid overall, there are different strengths to suit different skin types, including the following concentrations [5]:
- 0.025%
- 0.05%
- 0.075%
- 0.1%
Another important feature to note regarding tretinoin? It’s 100% pure retinoic acid, the active ingredient that gives all retinoids their skin-nourishing power [6]. This means, when you apply tretinoin, your skin can immediately absorb the retinoic acid, rather than convert it to an active form.
What is Adapalene?
A new-generation retinoid, adapalene was approved by the FDA in 1996 [7]. Compared to tretinoin and other retinoids, adapalene is available by prescription (in 0.3% concentrations) and over the counter (in 0.1% concentrations). You can also find over-the-counter adapalene in a number of solutions, including:
- Gels
- Lotions
- Creams
- Liquid solutions
How Do Tretinoin and Adapalene Work?
Tretinoin and adapalene are both known for their transformative effects. But do these two solutions work differently on your skin?
In short, the answer is no—but there is a slight difference in their magic.
As topical retinoids, both tretinoin and adapalene speed up skin cell turnover. This mechanism pushes dead skin cells out of the way so that healthy new skin cells can come to the surface. The result? Fresher, brighter, and more youthful-looking skin.
Overall, faster skin cell turnover creates similar benefits. You may notice any of these glowing benefits when using tretinoin or adapalene [8]:
- Anti-aging – By increasing skin cell turnover, retinoids cause elastin and collagen production—the building blocks of your skin. This can prevent (and even reverse) the onset of wrinkles and fine lines. Also, the increased blood flow from retinoids can help skin maintain its youthfulness.
- Anti-acne – Dead skin cells can clog your pores, creating a breeding ground for pimples. The faster your skin cells turn, the less likely you are to develop breakouts from dead skin.
- Even skin tone – From aging spots to sun damage, discoloration is a common skin issue. Retinoids speed up your skin’s exfoliation process, helping fade any discolored spots or pigmentation.
- Healthy skin texture – Certain retinoids can decrease both pore size and excess sebum production (the natural oils made by your skin) [9]. As a result, you can develop a more even, smooth, and healthy complexion.
While similar, adapalene and tretinoin work slightly differently on a microscopic level. Essentially, your skin has three retinoic acid receptors that welcome the work of retinoids. While tretinoin binds to all three receptors, adapalene only binds to two of them [10]. This mechanism may make adapalene a milder option when compared to tretinoin.
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Tretinoin vs. Adapalene: What's the Difference?
At what age do we start getting wrinkles? While there’s several factors that can make the signs of aging on our face more prominent, it can start around your mid-20s. That’s why we recommend incorporating a retinoid into your skincare routine.
Tretinoin and adapalene are more alike than different—but there are some key differences you should consider if you’re trying to decide which one is right for you.
Depending on your skin type, issues, sensitivity, and lifestyle, there’s likely a better choice between these two retinoids. To find your ideal match, get to know the primary differences between tretinoin and adapalene:
- Power – As of now, tretinoin has a reputation for packing a strong one-two punch—but that power may change based on a solution’s concentration [11]. For example, a 0.025% tretinoin solution may be less powerful than a prescription 3.0% adapalene solution. However, tretinoin offers the strongest retinoid power at its 1.0% concentration.
- Speed – While similar in speed, tretinoin may slightly outpace adapalene when it comes to delivering results. Adapalene usually takes 12 weeks to produce visible changes [12], while tretinoin could take as little as four weeks to show improved skin [13]. However, this could change based on individual skin traits and retinoid strength.
- Target issues – Retinoids are the catch-all of skincare products, treating everything from acne scars to wrinkles. However, each may have its specialty. Adapalene may slightly edge out tretinoin for treating acne since it can reduce keratinocytes (the substance that creates clogged pores and pimples). However, research shows that both retinoids similarly reduce photoaging and acne [14][15].
- Side effects – If adapalene has one clear advantage, it’s a gentler touch. In a study comparing adapalene and tretinoin for acne treatment, adapalene delivered the same acne-fighting results with fewer side effects [16]. Overall, adapalene is the midler retinoid option.
- Accessibility – Tretinoin requires a medical prescription—period. However, you can get adapalene through a prescription or your drugstore shelves. Just remember that adapalene is only available over-the-counter at 1.0% concentrations.
What Are the Side Effects of Tretinoin and Adapalene?
In the case of strong retinoids like tretinoin and adapalene, there’s a good chance you’ll go through retinization. Put simply, as your skin adjusts to the effects of retinoids, you may experience some less-than-desired side effects.
The good news? These retinization symptoms often fade with time and consistent use. During your first few weeks using tretinoin or adapalene, you may notice any of the following side effects:
- Burning or stinging skin
- Itching
- Redness or irritation
- Peeling or scaling
- Dry texture
- Dark spots or discoloration
- Photosensitivity
- Pregnancy risks
If you’re particularly sensitive to active skincare products, you may want to side with adapalene over tretinoin. Adapalene is less irritating to the skin, producing fewer overall side effects in users [17].
How Should You Use Adapalene or Tretinoin?
So, you’ve taken the plunge into retinoid land—congratulations! Now, how do these solutions fit into your skincare routine?
Retinoids can be tricky to incorporate into a skincare regimen due to their powerful nature. Additionally, applying retinoids in the “wrong” way could lead to reduced benefits and more side effects.
To that end, use these tips to safely and effectively bring tretinoin or adapalene into your skincare routine [18]:
- Start slow – When it comes to using retinoids, patience is key. Retinoids are dose-dependent, so less-frequent use will give your skin more time to adjust to their effects. Begin by applying a small pea-sized amount just once or twice a week to allow your skin to acclimate to the treatment. Over time, you can gradually increase the frequency of application.
- Apply at night – Retinoids are known photosensitivity inducers. In short, they make your skin more sensitive to the sun. To protect your skin, always apply retinoids at night, followed by a daily moisturizer with SPF in the morning.
- Use the Sandwich Method – One way to lessen the skin irritation of retinoids is by using the Sandwich Method of application. After using a facial cleanser, apply a thin layer of your night cream and wait a minute for it to absorb. Then, apply a pea-sized amount of your retinoid. Finally, apply another thin layer of moisturizer—and voila! You have a skincare sandwich that’ll help protect your skin from retinoid side effects.
- Be consistent – Once you hit the retinization phase, it can be tough to see the light at the end of the retinoid tunnel—but don’t give up. Your skin can only see the benefits of retinoids with consistent use. Stop now, and you’ll have to go through retinization all over again then next time you pick up your tretinoin or adapalene tube.
Rejuvenate Your Skin with PROVEN
The answer to the tretinoin vs. adapalene debate is…no answer. At the end of the day, both of these retinoids are excellent options for your skin, so long as you use them with care and caution. To see the full benefits of either retinoid, you’ll need a nourishing skincare routine that supports your skin’s journey—and PROVEN is here to provide that support.
Our skincare philosophy is built on one simple notion: You deserve skincare that fits your skin, not just any skin. That’s why we offer personalized three-step skincare routines that address your specific skin concerns with natural, science-backed ingredients.
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